1823年10月，门罗总统忧心于西班牙在西半球重建君主统治的举措，他询求前任总统杰佛逊以及麦迪逊的建言，他们告诉门罗、应该与英国协力合作，但门罗的国务卿约翰昆西亚当斯（其后击败门罗夺得总统职位的总统）、却有不同的想法，亚当斯认为美国应该独自提出宣言，您认为门罗听从了那一方的建言呢？

In October 1823, President Monroe was concerned about Spain reclaiming sovereignty in the Western Hemisphere. He asked former presidents Jefferson and Madison for advice. They told Monroe to join forces with Britain. However, Monroe's secretary of state, John Quincy Adams (who would later succeed Monroe as president), had another idea. Adams thought the United States should go it alone. Whose advice do you think Monroe followed?

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