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在这张1865年的地图里，粉红色代表自由州；深绿色代表蓄奴州；其他部分就是立场不明州。直到1865年第13号宪法修正案通过后，奴隶制度才被宣告非法而遭到废除
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瑞佛迪．强森 (Reverdy
Johnson) 生于1796年5月21日
马里兰州的位置使得北方联盟的首都哥伦比亚特区得以不被南方联盟包围。然而，因为该州内部强力声援南方各州的情绪，马里兰的居民在内战期间必须接受戒严法的管制。换言之，北方联盟的军队负责统治该州。在内战期间，马里兰州的州界处也发生过几场主要的战争，例如安提耶坦 (Antietam) 之战－这是美国历史上最血腥的一天。在内战退出之后，瑞佛迪．强森主张对北方联盟应该对南方各州采取较温和的处理方式，这也是因为他代表的是该州内部的分裂态度所致。你知道哪一州是蓄奴州，而哪一州不是吗？看看这张地图吧！
Maryland's position kept the District of Columbia, the capital of the Union, from being surrounded by Confederate states. However, because of strong Southern sentiments within the state, Marylanders lived under martial law during the war; that is, the Union military ruled the state. Several major Civil War battles took place within Maryland's borders, including the Battle of Antietam, the single bloodiest day in American history. After the war, Reverdy Johnson argued for a less harsh treatment of the South by the North, again representing the split attitudes of his state. Do you know which states were slave states and which were not? Take a look at this map.
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