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布来克顿 (J.
Stuart Blackton) 的照片，1912年
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布来克顿：美国动画之父
与爱迪生接触后，布来克顿对如何将他的图画制成影片生成兴趣。他及亚伯特．史密斯 (Albert
E. Smith) 成立了第一家电影工作室「维他格瑞公司」 (Vitagraph
Company) ，他们制造了一系列的「把戏电影」 (trick
films) ，并运用停格(stop
motion：在改变拍摄场景时，暂停及重新启动摄影)、叠化画面(dissolve：画面淡出的同时，另一个画面渐渐淡入)及多重曝光(multiple
exposure：拍摄一个景像，待回转影片后，再重拍第二次图象)
等技巧来达成他们所谓的「魔术效果」 (magical
effects) (今日我们称之为特效)。布来克顿的第一部创作品「奇幻的图画」 (The
Enchanted Drawing) 结合了图画及影片，加上他和史密斯所发展出来的技术，让纸张上的图画整个活了起来！
After meeting Edison, Blackton became interested in putting his drawings on film. He and Albert E. Smith formed one of the first film studios, the Vitagraph Company. They made a series of "trick films," using techniques including stop motion (stopping and starting the camera while making a change in the scene being filmed), dissolves (the first scene slowly fades out at the same time that a second scene slowly fades in), and multiple exposures (filming one image, then rewinding the film and shooting a second image) to achieve what they called "magical effects." (Today we call them special effects.) Blackton's first creation, combining drawings and film, was "The Enchanted Drawing." Using the trick film techniques he and Smith developed, the drawing magically comes alive!
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